France's Nuclear Miracle: How a Laggard Became a Leader

In the 1970s, while the global nuclear power industry faltered, France experienced a remarkable surge. Through political will, streamlined regulation, and a unique tax system that incentivized local communities, France built numerous nuclear power plants in a decade, achieving low-carbon electricity generation and becoming Europe's largest electricity exporter. Key to their success were: single buyer, simplified approvals, localized supply chains, fleet building, and economic benefits shared with local communities. While facing cost increases and tighter regulations later, France's nuclear model remains a valuable lesson for other nations, notably China.