Protocol Buffers: An Amateur Disaster?

2025-09-05

This article criticizes the design flaws of Protocol Buffers (protobuf), arguing that its type system is poor, its design is ad-hoc, and that it leads to a series of problems that permeate the code. The many restrictions of protobuf stem from its poor solutions to already-solved problems, lacking compositionality. Examples include the inability to repeat oneof fields, and various map field limitations. The article also criticizes protobuf's claims of hassle-free backwards and forwards compatibility, and how it pollutes codebases, making code difficult to write and maintain. The author argues that protobuf is only suitable for large companies like Google, not for most companies, and advises developers to abandon the use of protobuf.

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Development

Lava RGB 2.0 NES Mod: A Detailed Walkthrough

2025-09-05

This detailed guide documents the author's experience upgrading a classic NES console with the Lava RGB 2.0 kit. The walkthrough covers every step, from desoldering the PPU and power module to installing the Lava RGB PCB, replacing capacitors, and soldering wires, all accompanied by numerous images. The author also adds a SNES-style multi-out and tackles expansion audio configuration. The final result is a working RGB output, with the author praising the Lava RGB 2.0 kit's performance and value.

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Nepal Shuts Down Facebook, X, YouTube Over Registration Failure

2025-09-05
Nepal Shuts Down Facebook, X, YouTube Over Registration Failure

Nepal's government has blocked major social media platforms, including Facebook, X, and YouTube, for failing to meet registration requirements. The move, aimed at curbing online hate speech, rumors, and cybercrime, followed a deadline for companies to register with the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. While the government claims sufficient time was given, companies like Meta and Alphabet did not comply, leading to the shutdown. Critics argue this action infringes on fundamental rights and that legal infrastructure should be established before such drastic measures are taken.

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OpenAI Launches AI Certification and Job Board to Combat Job Displacement

2025-09-05
OpenAI Launches AI Certification and Job Board to Combat Job Displacement

OpenAI is tackling the job displacement caused by AI with a two-pronged approach: an AI skills certification program and a new job board. Fidji Simo, OpenAI's head of applications, argues that AI will reshape the job market, and OpenAI aims to help individuals acquire necessary AI skills and connect them with companies. Partnerships with companies like Walmart are underway, offering AI training. However, potential competition with Microsoft and the real-world value of the certification remain open questions.

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Saying Goodbye to the Docker Daemon: The Rise of Podman

2025-09-05
Saying Goodbye to the Docker Daemon: The Rise of Podman

This article reflects on the rise and security concerns of Docker container technology, introducing Podman, a daemonless container runtime. Podman addresses the security and stability issues of the Docker daemon through its streamlined architecture, enhanced security (rootless operation), and seamless integration with systemd and Kubernetes. A practical guide to migrating a FastAPI application from Docker to Podman is provided, showcasing the ease of migration and the advantages Podman offers, such as improved resource utilization and a more secure production environment.

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Development

Wikipedia: Fighting for Facts in an Age of Information Warfare

2025-09-05
Wikipedia: Fighting for Facts in an Age of Information Warfare

Wikipedia, the world's largest knowledge base, faces unprecedented challenges from governments, political forces, and individuals like Elon Musk. From the handling of a Nazi salute controversy involving Musk to government interference and harassment of editors worldwide, this article reveals how Wikipedia's unique consensus mechanism and rigorous editing process safeguard factual integrity in a digital world awash in misinformation. Despite immense pressure, Wikipedia and its editors strive to maintain neutrality and reliability, a battle crucial for both the free flow of information and the health of democratic societies.

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Tech

HTTPX Fiber Concurrency Plugin: Seamlessly Share Connections Across Fibers

2025-09-05

The HTTPX :fiber_concurrency plugin allows a single session's connections to be used across fibers managed by a fiber scheduler, ideal for long-lived connections. It's required by default when using the :persistent plugin. Example code shows launching multiple fibers within a thread, each concurrently using `http.get()` to access a URL. This plugin is essential for programs using fiber schedulers, such as those built with the async gem.

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Development

SAP's €20B Bet: A Sovereign Cloud to Challenge US Giants in Europe

2025-09-05
SAP's €20B Bet: A Sovereign Cloud to Challenge US Giants in Europe

SAP is investing €20 billion over the next decade to expand its sovereign cloud infrastructure in Europe, positioning itself as a secure and compliant alternative to American cloud giants. This initiative focuses on providing sovereign infrastructure for public sector and regulated environments, offering three options: SAP Cloud Infrastructure (IaaS), Sovereign Cloud On-Site, and Delos Cloud in Germany. While the CEO previously cautioned against directly competing with US hyperscalers in infrastructure, this investment prioritizes integrating sovereignty into the technology stack, not replicating global infrastructure. The strategy emphasizes boosting Europe's competitiveness through software, AI, and applied innovation.

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Sub-Second Queries on Billions of Rows: Real-Time Analytics with ClickHouse

2025-09-05
Sub-Second Queries on Billions of Rows: Real-Time Analytics with ClickHouse

This guide demonstrates building real-time analytics applications with ClickHouse, achieving sub-200-millisecond query responses on billions of weather records. It covers data ingestion, advanced techniques like statistical sampling and pre-aggregation, and showcases a complete workflow using Rill, ingesting NOAA weather data from S3 and visualizing it. ClickHouse's columnar storage, advanced compression, and vectorized query execution deliver blazing-fast performance, making it ideal for real-time analytics. The article explores the trade-off between data freshness and accuracy, detailing ClickHouse modeling strategies (denormalization, dictionaries, incremental materialized views). A practical example using ClickHouse, S3, and Rill for real-time weather data analysis is presented.

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Development

Philips Hue Bulbs Get Built-in Motion Sensing with Hue MotionAware

2025-09-05
Philips Hue Bulbs Get Built-in Motion Sensing with Hue MotionAware

Philips Hue announced a significant upgrade to its smart bulbs: built-in motion sensing. Hue MotionAware uses radio-frequency (RF) sensing to detect movement without extra sensors, leveraging the Zigbee signal between bulbs. This requires the new Hue Bridge Pro ($99) and works with most mains-powered bulbs from 2014 onward. MotionAware creates zones for motion detection, covering larger areas than traditional PIR sensors and integrating with Hue Secure for security features like flashing lights and alerts. While lighting automation is free, security notifications require a subscription.

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Hardware Motion Sensing

Unpacking the Mach-O Mystery: A Deep Dive into Apple's Binary Format

2025-09-05
Unpacking the Mach-O Mystery: A Deep Dive into Apple's Binary Format

This article delves into the intricacies of Mach-O, the binary format underpinning Apple's operating systems for executables, libraries, and object code. It meticulously dissects Mach-O's structure, encompassing the header, load commands, segments, and sections, alongside universal binaries. Furthermore, the article illuminates Mach-O's role in code signing integrity and Pointer Authentication Codes (PACs) on ARM64e systems. The mechanisms of code signing and PAC operation are explained in detail. Understanding Mach-O provides crucial insight into Apple's security measures and code execution processes.

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Action!: A Retro IDE for the Atari 8-bit

2025-09-05
Action!: A Retro IDE for the Atari 8-bit

This article revisits Action!, a compiled language for the Atari 8-bit computer. Created by Clinton Parker, Action! was optimized for the 6502 CPU and featured an integrated development environment (IDE) including a monitor, compiler, text editor, and debugger—a rarity for 8-bit systems. While less advanced than C or Pascal, its speed, innovative editor (with features like scrolling and split-screen), and tight integration made it stand out. The author recounts their experience acquiring and using Action!, discussing its limitations and how add-ons like Action! RunTime and Action! ToolKit partially addressed them. Action! primarily saw use in hobbyist and magazine software.

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Development

OpenAI's Ambitious Plan: An AI-Powered Jobs Platform and Certification Program

2025-09-05
OpenAI's Ambitious Plan: An AI-Powered Jobs Platform and Certification Program

OpenAI is launching an AI-powered jobs platform next year to connect employers with AI-skilled candidates, aiming to boost AI adoption across businesses and government. They'll also introduce a certification program in the coming months, teaching workers practical AI skills. Partnering with organizations like Walmart, OpenAI aims to certify 10 million Americans by 2030.

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Logitech's Solar-Powered Wireless Keyboard: Signature Slim Solar+

2025-09-05
Logitech's Solar-Powered Wireless Keyboard: Signature Slim Solar+

Logitech is gearing up to launch the Signature Slim Solar+, a wireless keyboard boasting a solar panel promising up to 10 years of battery life. Resembling the MX Keys S but with an added solar panel above the keys, this keyboard charges using ambient light. Made with 70% recycled plastic, it's lightweight and connects to up to three devices. Customization options via the Logi Options+ app and an AI Launch key (Copilot) are also included. Pricing and availability remain unannounced.

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Reviving Classic Mac Patterns: A Nostalgic Pixel Journey

2025-09-05
Reviving Classic Mac Patterns: A Nostalgic Pixel Journey

Driven by a love for classic Mac black-and-white patterns, the author embarked on a quest to extract the original 38 8x8 pixel patterns from a System 6 disk image. This involved using emulation, unpacking tools, and the DeRez command-line tool to convert the patterns into .pbm format, culminating in a website where they are freely available. A nostalgic project reviving the pixel art charm of early Macintosh.

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Design

My Used 2023 Nissan Leaf: A Budget EV Experience

2025-09-05

In 2025, the author bought a used 2023 Nissan Leaf, his first 'new' car in 15 years. The article details his decision-making process, weighing the Leaf's affordability and practicality against competitors like Tesla. He highlights the Leaf's advantages, such as one-pedal driving, peppy torque, and lower maintenance, but also its drawbacks: inconsistent charging infrastructure, lack of standardization, and some design quirks. Ultimately, the author finds the Leaf suitable for his short-commute needs, but concludes that EVs still face significant price and infrastructure barriers for most car owners.

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The Kelly Criterion: Beyond Gambling, a Life Strategy

2025-09-05

A Las Vegas escape room adventure sparked a deep dive into the Kelly Criterion. A friend's quest to use AI to predict American football games and optimize betting led to the discovery of this powerful formula. The author explored the underlying mathematics and philosophy, realizing its applicability extends far beyond finance and gambling. The Kelly Criterion advocates balancing risk and reward for long-term geometric growth, rather than chasing short-term gains. It's not just a formula, but a philosophy for making optimal decisions in life.

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Misc

Build Your Own Unsettling Vetinari Clock: A DIY Hack

2025-09-05

Inspired by Lord Vetinari's unsettlingly erratic clock from the Discworld series, a maker built a DIY clock with an irregularly ticking second hand. The project uses an ATtiny25 or PIC12F683 microcontroller and features open-source hardware and software designs. Clever firmware controls the clock, creating a seemingly random movement pattern over 32 seconds while maintaining accurate timekeeping. This fun project showcases embedded systems programming and provides complete hardware and software resources for replication and modification.

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Hardware

Mojo: Chris Lattner's Next Big Swing at Revolutionizing Machine Learning Programming

2025-09-05
Mojo: Chris Lattner's Next Big Swing at Revolutionizing Machine Learning Programming

Chris Lattner, creator of LLVM and Swift, discusses his new language, Mojo, with Ron. Mojo aims to make harnessing the full power of modern GPUs productive and fun. The design focuses on making a language easy to use while providing the control needed for state-of-the-art kernel writing. A key concept is requiring programmers to understand hardware details, but making that manageable and shareable through type-safe metaprogramming. The goal is to support specialization for both the computation and the hardware platform. Lattner argues this is necessary to prevent single vendors from dominating the AI computing ecosystem.

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Development

AI Agent Architecture: Trust, Not Accuracy

2025-09-05
AI Agent Architecture: Trust, Not Accuracy

This post dissects the architecture of AI agents, arguing that user experience trumps raw accuracy. Using a customer support agent as an example, it outlines four architectural layers: memory (session, customer, behavioral, contextual), connectivity (system integrations), capabilities (skill depth), and trust (confidence scores, reasoning transparency, graceful handoffs). Four architectural approaches are compared: single agent, router + skills, predefined workflows, and multi-agent collaboration. The author recommends starting simple and adding complexity only when needed. Counterintuitively, users trust agents more when they're honest about their limitations, not when they're always right.

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AI

Fourier Transform: A Mathematical Revolution

2025-09-05
Fourier Transform: A Mathematical Revolution

This article recounts the discovery of the Fourier transform and its profound impact. In the early 19th century, French mathematician Joseph Fourier discovered a way to decompose any function into a set of fundamental waves – the Fourier transform. This not only sparked a mathematical revolution but also deeply influenced fields like physics and chemistry. From compressing files to enhancing audio signals, from studying tides to detecting gravitational waves, the Fourier transform is ubiquitous, even playing a crucial role in quantum mechanics. Its core idea is to decompose complex functions into simple sine and cosine waves, thereby simplifying problems; this is like breaking down a symphony into the sounds of individual instruments.

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Global ACM-ICPC Rankings: Tsinghua and Peking Universities Shine

2025-09-05

The 2023 ACM-ICPC International Collegiate Programming Contest global rankings are out, with St. Petersburg State University taking the top spot. Notably, Tsinghua University and Peking University secured the fourth and fifth places respectively, showcasing the strong performance of Chinese universities in computer science. The ranking includes many prestigious universities from China, the US, Japan, and Europe, highlighting the fierce competition. This top-tier global event not only tests the programming skills of contestants but also reflects the differences in computer science talent cultivation across various countries and regions.

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Poisoning LLMs: A Writer's Fight Back Against Data Scraping

2025-09-05
Poisoning LLMs: A Writer's Fight Back Against Data Scraping

Large Language Models (LLMs) train on vast amounts of data, much of it scraped from the open web without author consent. One author is fighting back by creating intentionally nonsensical mirror articles linked via nofollow tags. The hope is that LLMs, which may ignore nofollow, will ingest this gibberish, degrading their output. While not a perfect solution, the author aims to raise awareness about unauthorized data scraping and the ethical implications for content creators.

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Development

Disk I/O Beats Memory Caching? A Surprising Benchmark

2025-09-05

Conventional wisdom dictates that memory access is far faster than disk I/O, making memory caching essential. This post challenges that assumption with a clever benchmark: counting the number of tens in a large dataset. Using an older server and optimizing code (loop unrolling and vectorization), along with a custom io_uring engine, the author demonstrates that direct disk reads can outperform memory caching under specific conditions. The key isn't that the disk is faster than memory, but rather that traditional memory access methods (mmap) introduce significant latency. The custom io_uring engine leverages the disk's high bandwidth and pipelining to mask latency. The article emphasizes adapting algorithms and data access to hardware characteristics for maximum performance in modern architectures, and looks ahead to future hardware trends.

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Hardware memory caching

Indiana Lawyer Sues Meta CEO Over Name Confusion

2025-09-05
Indiana Lawyer Sues Meta CEO Over Name Confusion

Mark Zuckerberg, a bankruptcy lawyer from Indiana, is suing Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg. The lawyer's Facebook ad account has been repeatedly disabled by Meta's moderation system for allegedly impersonating the Meta founder, despite being the same name. This has cost the lawyer over $11,000 in wasted ad spend. He's been battling this issue for years, even creating a website documenting the name confusion. The lawsuit highlights the lawyer's frustration and financial losses due to this ongoing issue.

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Type-Safe Error Handling in Swift 6: A Layered Approach

2025-09-05

Swift 6 introduces typed throws, making error handling more type-safe. This post details a user-friendly layered error model using a custom `SystemError` protocol. This protocol includes properties like `logMessage`, `userFriendlyMessage`, and `underlyingErrors`, and provides recursive functions for looking up error types and generating error stacks. The article demonstrates defining custom error objects using structs and enums, handling Foundation errors, and decoding errors. Examples showcase leveraging typed throws and custom error handling to improve the reliability of Swift projects.

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Development

Fil-C's FUGC: A Parallel, Concurrent, and Accurate Garbage Collector

2025-09-05

Fil-C employs FUGC (Fil's Unbelievable Garbage Collector), a parallel concurrent on-the-fly grey-stack Dijkstra accurate non-moving garbage collector. FUGC boasts multi-threaded concurrent marking and sweeping, avoiding stop-the-world pauses through 'soft handshakes' for non-blocking interaction with mutator threads. Its grey-stack approach eliminates load barriers, requiring only a simple store barrier, while Dijkstra barriers ensure accurate marking. FUGC is non-moving, simplifying concurrent implementation and supporting C, Java, and JavaScript-style memory management including finalizers, weak references, and weak maps, drastically improving Fil-C's memory management efficiency and safety.

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Development garbage collector

The Diffusion Deficit: Why Transformative Tech Takes So Long

2025-09-05
The Diffusion Deficit: Why Transformative Tech Takes So Long

This article explores the often-unexpectedly slow diffusion of transformative technologies, using the tractor as a prime example. It argues that technological success depends not only on inherent superiority but also on compatibility with existing social, economic, and industrial systems. The article examines cases like the telephone, electric motor, and IT, highlighting the need for complementary innovations, skills training, and industrial reorganization to unlock a technology's full potential. The current AI field faces similar challenges, with excessive focus on AGI overshadowing product development and practical application. Ultimately, technological success hinges on understanding and strategizing for diffusion—this is where the true 'technological dividend' lies.

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Smartphone Use on the Toilet Linked to Increased Hemorrhoid Risk

2025-09-05
Smartphone Use on the Toilet Linked to Increased Hemorrhoid Risk

A new study suggests a link between smartphone use on the toilet and an increased risk of hemorrhoids. Researchers found that individuals spending extended periods on the toilet scrolling through their phones had a 46% higher risk of hemorrhoid issues. This is attributed to increased rectal pressure from prolonged sitting, leading to swollen veins. Experts recommend minimizing smartphone use in the bathroom and maintaining a healthy diet and hydration to prevent hemorrhoids.

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Health hemorrhoids

Rasterizer: A Decade-Long Journey to a GPU-Accelerated Vector Graphics Engine

2025-09-05
Rasterizer: A Decade-Long Journey to a GPU-Accelerated Vector Graphics Engine

Inspired by Adobe Flash, the author spent ten years developing Rasterizer, a GPU-accelerated 2D vector graphics engine. Up to 60x faster than CPU-based rendering, it's ideal for vector-animated UIs. Built using C++11 and Metal for macOS (with an iOS port in the pipeline), Rasterizer supports SVG and PDF files. It features innovative anti-aliasing techniques and efficient rendering strategies, including GPU-based quadratic Bézier curve solving and batch parallelism.

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Development 2D engine
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